@font-face{font-family:strom serif;src:url(/fonts/strom-serif-regular.woff)format("woff");font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:strom serif;src:url(/fonts/strom-serif-italic.woff)format("woff");font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:strom serif;src:url(/fonts/strom-serif-semibold.woff)format("woff");font-weight:600;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:ibm plex mono;src:url(/fonts/ibm-plex-mono-400.woff2)format("woff2");font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:ibm plex mono;src:url(/fonts/ibm-plex-mono-500.woff2)format("woff2");font-weight:500;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}:root{color-scheme:light;--paper:#F1E9D8;--paper-2:#E8DEC8;--ink:#161512;--muted:#57514A;--rule:#161512;--accent:#8B1E1E;--code:#E7DCC3;--k:#9D0006;--s:#075E6E;--n:#7A3E00;--f:#1F3A93;--imgblend:multiply;--imgfilter:none;--serif:"Strom Serif", "Iowan Old Style", Georgia, serif;--mono:"IBM Plex Mono", ui-monospace, "Cascadia Mono", Menlo, monospace;--measure:680px;--gutter:56px;--margin-w:248px}*,*::before,*::after{box-sizing:border-box}html{-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}body{margin:0;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--serif);font-size:19px;line-height:1.6;font-variant-numeric:oldstyle-nums proportional-nums;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}img{max-width:100%;height:auto}a{color:inherit;text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-underline-offset:3px}a:hover{color:var(--accent)}a:focus-visible,button:focus-visible,summary:focus-visible,[tabindex]:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:3px}.sc{font-variant-caps:all-small-caps;letter-spacing:.07em}.mono,code,kbd,pre{font-family:var(--mono)}.skip{position:absolute;left:-9999px;top:0;padding:8px 12px;background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);z-index:10}.skip:focus{left:16px;top:16px}.visually-hidden{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;clip-path:inset(50%);white-space:nowrap}.wrap{max-width:1040px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 28px}.site-header{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:baseline;justify-content:space-between;gap:16px;padding:40px 0 18px;border-bottom:2px solid var(--rule)}.site-title{text-decoration:none;font-size:30px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.02em}.site-nav{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:22px;font-size:18px}.site-nav a[aria-current=page]{text-decoration-thickness:2px}.btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;min-height:44px;padding:0 12px;border:1px solid var(--rule);border-radius:0;font:inherit;font-size:15px;cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none}.btn-solid{background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);border-color:var(--ink)}.btn-solid:hover{color:var(--paper);opacity:.85}.btn svg{flex:none}.site-footer{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px 16px;padding:22px 0 56px;margin-top:56px;border-top:2px solid var(--rule);font-size:15px;color:var(--muted)}.site-footer p{margin:0}.site-footer .fineprint{flex-basis:100%;font-size:14px;line-height:1.5}.intro{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,var(--measure))minmax(0,var(--margin-w));column-gap:var(--gutter);padding:48px 0 40px}.intro .lede p{margin:0;font-size:22px;line-height:1.55}.intro .lede p:first-child::first-letter,.dropcap>p:first-of-type::first-letter{float:left;font-size:4.1em;line-height:.82;padding:8px 10px 0 0;font-weight:600}.margin-text,.intro aside{font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--muted)}.year{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:16px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);padding-bottom:6px;margin:0 0 36px}.year h2{margin:0;font-size:22px;font-weight:600}.year span{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}.entry{display:grid;grid-template-columns:300px minmax(0,1fr);gap:32px;align-items:start;padding-bottom:44px;margin-bottom:44px;border-bottom:1px dotted var(--muted)}.entry.no-cover{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}.entry .thumb{display:block;background:var(--paper)}.entry .meta{margin:0 0 6px;font-family:var(--mono);font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}.entry h3{margin:0 0 10px;font-size:28px;line-height:1.2;font-weight:600}.entry h3 a{text-decoration:none}.entry p{margin:0 0 12px}.entry .tags{margin:0;font-size:16px;color:var(--muted)}.talk{max-width:var(--measure);padding-bottom:28px;margin-bottom:28px;border-bottom:1px dotted var(--muted)}.talk .meta{margin:0 0 6px;font-family:var(--mono);font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}.talk h3{margin:0 0 4px;font-size:24px;line-height:1.25;font-weight:600}.talk .event{margin:0 0 8px;font-style:italic;color:var(--muted)}.talk .event:has(+.with){margin-bottom:0}.talk .with{margin:0 0 8px;font-size:16px;color:var(--muted)}.talk .talk-summary p{margin:0 0 8px;font-size:17px}.talk .links{margin:0;font-size:16px}.talk.has-image{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)260px;gap:0 32px;align-items:start;max-width:calc(var(--measure) + 292px)}.talk.has-image .talk-img{grid-column:2;grid-row:1;width:fit-content;max-width:100%;justify-self:end}.talk-img .dither{width:auto;max-width:100%;max-height:240px}.talk.has-image .talk-body{grid-column:1;grid-row:1}@media(max-width:640px){.talk.has-image{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}.talk.has-image .talk-img{grid-column:1;grid-row:1;justify-self:start;text-align:left;margin-bottom:12px}.talk.has-image .talk-body{grid-row:2}.talk-img .dither{max-width:220px;max-height:180px}}.empty{color:var(--muted);font-style:italic}.dither{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;image-rendering:pixelated;mix-blend-mode:var(--imgblend);filter:var(--imgfilter)}.post-head{padding:56px 0 28px;max-width:760px}.post-head .kicker{margin:0 0 10px;font-size:16px;color:var(--muted)}.post-head .kicker a{text-decoration:none}.post-head h1,.page-title{margin:0 0 14px;font-size:46px;line-height:1.12;font-weight:600}.post-head .dek{margin:0;font-size:22px;font-style:italic;color:var(--muted)}.post-meta{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px 22px;font-family:var(--mono);font-size:13px;color:var(--muted);padding:10px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--rule);border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);margin-bottom:36px}.prose{max-width:var(--measure)}.prose>p:first-of-type::first-letter{float:left;font-size:4.1em;line-height:.82;padding:8px 10px 0 0;font-weight:600}.prose h2{margin:2em 0 .5em;font-size:28px;line-height:1.25;font-weight:600}.prose h3{margin:1.6em 0 .4em;font-size:22px;font-weight:600}.prose .anchor{margin-left:.3em;color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none;opacity:0}.prose h2:hover .anchor,.prose h3:hover .anchor,.prose .anchor:focus{opacity:1}.prose p,.prose ul,.prose ol,.prose dl,.prose blockquote,.prose table,.prose pre,.prose figure{margin:0 0 1.1em}.prose blockquote{margin-left:0;padding-left:20px;border-left:2px solid var(--rule);font-style:italic}.prose hr{border:0;border-top:1px solid var(--rule);margin:2em 0}.prose code{font-size:.86em}.prose :not(pre)>code{background:var(--code);padding:1px 4px}.prose pre{padding:18px 20px;background:var(--code);border:1px solid var(--muted);font-size:14px;line-height:1.65;overflow-x:auto}.prose pre code{font-size:inherit;background:0 0;padding:0}.prose table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16px;display:block;overflow-x:auto}.prose th,.prose td{text-align:left;padding:8px 12px 8px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--muted);vertical-align:top}.prose th{border-bottom:2px solid var(--rule);font-variant-caps:all-small-caps;letter-spacing:.07em}.prose dl{display:grid;grid-template-columns:max-content minmax(0,1fr);gap:10px 24px}.prose dt{font-variant-caps:all-small-caps;letter-spacing:.07em;color:var(--muted)}.prose dd{margin:0}.abstract{max-width:var(--measure);border-top:1px solid var(--rule);border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);padding:16px 0;margin-bottom:28px;font-size:17px}.abstract p{margin:0}.toc{max-width:var(--measure);margin:0 0 28px;font-size:16px}.toc summary{cursor:pointer}.toc ul{margin:8px 0 0;padding-left:20px}.callout{border-top:1px solid var(--rule);border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);padding:14px 0;margin:0 0 1.1em;font-size:17px}.callout p{margin:0}.footnotes{font-size:16px;color:var(--muted)}.sn-ref{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.7em;color:var(--accent);vertical-align:super;line-height:0}.sidenote,.marginnote{display:block;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--muted);margin:10px 0 12px;padding-left:16px;border-left:1px solid var(--rule)}.sidenote .sn-num{font-family:var(--mono);color:var(--accent)}.fig{margin:10px 0 1.4em}.fig.portrait{float:left;width:240px;margin:6px 28px 12px 0}.fig.portrait .swap{width:240px}.prose:has(>.fig.portrait)>p:first-of-type::first-letter{float:none;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;padding:0;font-weight:inherit}.prose:has(>.fig.portrait)>h2,.prose:has(>.fig.portrait)>.callout{clear:left}.fig figcaption{font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--muted);margin-top:8px}.cols{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:0 32px;max-width:var(--measure);margin:0 0 1.1em;padding-top:14px;border-top:1px solid var(--rule)}.prose .col-head{margin:0 0 8px;font-size:17px;font-weight:600}.prose .col ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0;font-size:17px}.prose .col li{position:relative;padding-left:22px;margin-bottom:6px}.prose .col li::before{position:absolute;left:0;top:0;font-family:var(--mono);color:var(--muted)}.col-yes li::before{content:"+"}.col-no li::before{content:"\2212"}.col-no{color:var(--muted)}@media(max-width:640px){.cols{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:16px}}.redact{margin:0 0 1.1em}.redact summary{display:inline-block;cursor:pointer;background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);padding:0 10px;font-family:var(--mono);font-size:14px;list-style:none}.redact summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.redact[open] summary{background:0 0;color:var(--muted);border:1px solid var(--muted)}.post-end{max-width:var(--measure);display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between;gap:16px;padding:18px 0;margin-top:40px;border-top:1px solid var(--rule);border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);font-size:17px}.series-nav{max-width:var(--measure);font-size:16px;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:24px}@media(min-width:1100px){.prose .sidenote,.prose .marginnote{float:right;clear:right;width:var(--margin-w);margin:4px calc(-1 * (var(--margin-w) + var(--gutter)))14px 0;padding-left:0;border-left:0}.fig{position:relative}.fig figcaption{position:absolute;left:calc(100% + var(--gutter));bottom:0;width:var(--margin-w);margin:0}}@media(max-width:900px){.intro{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}.intro aside{margin-top:12px;padding-left:16px;border-left:1px solid var(--rule)}}@media(max-width:640px){body{font-size:18px}.wrap{padding:0 18px}.site-header{padding-top:28px}.site-nav{gap:14px;font-size:17px}.site-nav .btn{padding:0 10px}.entry{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:16px}.post-head h1,.page-title{font-size:36px}.fig.portrait{width:160px;margin-right:18px}.fig.portrait .swap{width:160px}.prose dl{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:2px}.prose dd{margin-bottom:10px}}.swap{position:relative;display:block;background:var(--paper)}.swap.has-orig{cursor:pointer}.swap-media{position:relative;display:block}.swap-toggle{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:1px;height:1px;opacity:0;margin:0}.swap .orig{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;opacity:0;transition:opacity .35s ease}.swap-toggle:checked~.swap-media .orig{opacity:1}.swap-toggle:focus-visible~.swap-media{outline:2px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:3px}.swap .hint{position:absolute;right:8px;bottom:8px;padding:2px 8px;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);border:1px solid var(--rule);font-family:var(--mono);font-size:12px;line-height:1.4;transition:opacity .35s ease}.swap.hint-below .hint{position:static;display:inline-block;margin-top:6px;color:var(--muted)}.hint .h-tap,.hint .h-back{display:none}@media(hover:hover){.swap.has-orig:hover .orig{opacity:1}.swap.has-orig:hover .hint{opacity:0}}@media(hover:none){.hint .h-hover{display:none}.hint .h-tap{display:inline}}.swap-toggle:checked~.hint .h-hover,.swap-toggle:checked~.hint .h-tap{display:none}.swap-toggle:checked~.hint .h-back{display:inline}.talk-img .swap{width:fit-content;max-width:100%;margin-left:auto;text-align:right}.callout:has(+.callout){margin-bottom:0}.callout+.callout{border-top:0}.post-meta:has(+.abstract){border-bottom:0;margin-bottom:0}.post-end{border-bottom:0}main>section>.entry:last-child,main>section>.talk:last-child{border-bottom:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-bottom:8px}main>section+section{margin-top:40px}.prose td code{white-space:nowrap}.wide-rules .callout,.wide-rules .cols{margin-right:calc(-1 * max(0px,min(var(--margin-w) + var(--gutter),100vw - 56px - var(--measure) - 16px)));max-width:none}.no-dropcap>p:first-of-type::first-letter{float:none;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;padding:0;font-weight:inherit}@media(max-width:640px){.site-header{padding-top:28px}.site-nav{gap:14px;font-size:16px}.btn{min-height:40px;padding:0 10px;font-size:14px}.talk-img .swap{margin-left:0;text-align:left}}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.swap .orig,.swap .hint{transition:none}}@media print{.site-nav,.skip,.post-end,.swap .hint{display:none}body{background:#fff;color:#000}.redact summary{display:none}.redact>*:not(summary){display:block}}.chroma{color:var(--ink);background:0 0}.chroma .err{color:inherit}.chroma .hl{display:block;background:var(--paper-2)}.chroma .ln,.chroma .lnt{color:var(--muted);margin-right:.8em;user-select:none}.chroma .k,.chroma .kc,.chroma .kd,.chroma .kn,.chroma .kp,.chroma .kr,.chroma .kt,.chroma .ow{color:var(--k)}.chroma .s,.chroma .sa,.chroma .sb,.chroma .sc,.chroma .dl,.chroma .sd,.chroma .s2,.chroma .se,.chroma .sh,.chroma .si,.chroma .sx,.chroma .sr,.chroma .s1,.chroma .ss{color:var(--s)}.chroma .m,.chroma .mb,.chroma .mf,.chroma .mh,.chroma .mi,.chroma .il,.chroma .mo,.chroma .l,.chroma .ld{color:var(--n)}.chroma .nf,.chroma .fm,.chroma .nc,.chroma .nn,.chroma .nd,.chroma .ne{color:var(--f)}.chroma .nb,.chroma .bp,.chroma .na,.chroma .nt,.chroma .nv,.chroma .vc,.chroma .vg,.chroma .vi{color:var(--k)}.chroma .c,.chroma .ch,.chroma .cm,.chroma .c1,.chroma .cs,.chroma .cp,.chroma .cpf{color:var(--muted);font-style:italic}.chroma .gd{color:var(--k)}.chroma .gi{color:var(--s)}.chroma .ge{font-style:italic}.chroma .gs{font-weight:600}.chroma .gh,.chroma .gu{color:var(--f);font-weight:600}.chroma .gp,.chroma .go{color:var(--muted)}